In the growing movement known as intelligent design, stephen meyer is an emerging figurehead. Defenders of the evolutionary consensus could benefit. More dna evidence against human chromosome fusion the. Pdf alleged human chromosome 2 fusion site encodes an. Intelligent information fusion in the aviation domain. The first prediction evidence of a telomere at the fusion point is shown to be true in reference 3. In addition, several science authors have recently published books for the. Three genetic indicators provide strong, if not conclusive, evidence of fusion. The discovery institute promotes intelligent design, which a federal judge has. Miller states, our chromosome number 2 was formed by the fusion of two primate chromosomes. To recap briefly, idcs argue that the fusion would have resulted in a chromosome with two centromeres, which would then be torn apart during meiosis. Telomeres consist of many repeats of the nucleotide sequence ttaggg, and at the fusion point of the human chromosome, where the two telomeres fused, this sequence is found head to head.
If it were to turn out that the fusion of two chromosomes can only result in a viable individual if the fusion event takes place in a highly unlikely and highly specified manner, then we may actually be looking at a case for a nondarwinian intelligent design event in the history of the human genus. One of the many interesting findings was that the denisovans share the same chromosome 2 fusion that modern humans have. Generation and annotation of the dna sequences of human. Science and human origins is the recent book by the discovery institute on human origins. The functional centromere in chromosome 2 lines up with the chimpanzee chromosome 2p chromosomal centromere. A young, cambridgeeducated philosopher of science, meyer is director of the center for science and culture at the discovery institute intelligent designs primary intellectual and scientific headquarters. They linked to a post on a site run by the intelligent design clearinghouse, the discovery institute, which provided some details from the book. First off, lets all agree that humans didnt evolve from chimpanzees, and propose instead that some other prehuman apelike species existed which had. The new design of the sciencefusion writein student edition allows students to take notes, draw sketches, and record data on pages of their textbook. Can dna prove the existence of an intelligent designer. This picture has creationists terrified mother jones. Biologys big bang, in darwinism, design, and public education john a. The page is set up by an outfit called the biologic institute, which is promoting a new book by two of its employees that purports to reveal all the flaws in the evolutionary account of human beings.
The chromosome 2 fusion model of human evolutionpart 2. One lends itself to an evolutionists view and two to the viewpoint of intelligent design. If the scientific evidence suggests that naturalistic laws do not fully explain the origin of life, then intelligent design infers that a designer exists and was responsible. Alleged human chromosome 2 fusion site answers in genesis. The conclusion of intelligent design flows naturally from the data itself, not from sacred books or sectarian beliefs. Finding intelligent design in naturecasey luskin 67 4. Miller and a host of evolutionists have jumped on this alleged chromosomal fusion as evidence that humans, the chimpanzee, and other hominids all descended from one common ancestor. Therefore, one would expect their codes to be similar regardless of whether they were designed by god or crafted by time and natural processes. I cant imagine looking at this mess of proteins and with a straight face saying that random mutation and evolution couldnt do this. Mitochondrial fissionfusion dynamics and apoptosis. Some creationist intelligent design writers, recognizing the strength of dna evidence. The authors of the 1982 science paper had no hesitancy in declaring that the telomeric fusion of. Jul 14, 2015 and then the correlations were analyzed between emiaalk fusion gene and egfr gene with clinical features and the clinical efficacies of targeted therapy.
Ed park, md 01202016 dr ed park, evolution, research leave a comment. Classroom activity for the nova program judgment day. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Before he turns bad, spiderman 2s doctor octopus creates a new power source using fusion. I fusion is a leadingedge research, development, and engineering company that focus on information fusion technologies.
Created on the premise that scientists can overcome complex societal issues by reimagining the design rules found in nature, the institutes researchers are addressing an expansive array of global challenges by creating bioinspired solutions. The second law is the idea that the total disorder of a system, e. This essay is the second of a series authored by dave wisker, graduate student in molecular ecology at the university of central missouri. Intelligent design is not a valid scientific theory because. This module is designed specifically for rna libraries prepared with the trusight rna fusion panel kit. Illustration of how chromosome fusion formed human chromosome 2. Though i have discussed the evidence for a fusion event leading to human chromosome 2.
Intact telomeric motifs are highlighted in red and blue for ttaggg n and its reverse complement ccctaa n, respectively. Amidst other things, millers testimony was aimed at making a case that the neodarwinian hypothesis is as wellsupported as gravitational theory. One of the leading arguments used to support the concept that apesparticularly chimpanzeesand humans descended from a common ancestor is the chromosome 2 fusion model. This series of essays counters common intelligent design creationist arguments against the fixation of the fusion that produced human chromosome 2.
Casey luskin, human origins and intelligent design, progress in complexity and design, vol 4. No doubt others will weigh in on the significance, or lack of it, of the latest ballyhooed news from the world of human origins research. Although the discovery institute tends to stick to intelligent design without defining the designer, this offering seems to be aimed specifically at christians. Microblade devices are only offered in standard speed grade and the fg256 package. As i wrote in the previous essay in this series, intelligent design advocate casey luskin doesnt think the fusion which produced human chromosome 2 could have become fixed in the human population miller may have found good empirical evidence for a. So far he has used foxp2 and the alleged fusion that led to human chromosome 2 as. The mystery of the missing chromosome with a special. Taxonomy tells us that unlike the other three genera of the family, hominidae, our homo genus has only 46 chromosomes, not 48. Luskin ends the chapter with an examination of the putative chromosome 2 fusion event that. Sciencefusion physical science lamp post homeschool.
Chromosome 2 the smoking gun of evolution or intelligent. First, the banding or dye pattern of human chromosome 2 closely matches that of two separate chromosomes found in apes chimp chromosome 2 and an extra chromosome that does not match any other human chromosome. Note that human chromosome 2 is very similar to a fusion of two. It is by now an established fact that the human chromosome 2 originated as a fusion of two chimpanzee chromosomes and im not about to dispute that, this post is in no way an advocacy of intelligent design there are other species in nature whos number of chromosomes differ by two, suggesting that fusion or splitting of chromosomes is quite. Taxonomy tells us that unlike the other three genera of the family, hominidae, our homo genus has only 46 chromosomes, not 48 the smoking gun is that the great apes, consisting of genus pongo orangutans, gorilla, and pan chimps and bonobos, have two chromosomes which, if we assume an ancient fusion event at the telomeres of the short p arms, gives us the telomeretelomere fused. For the last few weeks i have been corresponding with someone about intelligent design id. Another day, another rewrite on human origins evolution news. Detailed design and development pattern application, algorithm tailoring. Evidence of intelligent design or byproduct of evolution. After all, we know that chromosome fusion events happen in human beings today.
While the chromosome 2 fusion model is routinely touted as dogma, very little new genomic data, although readily available for analysis, has been presented as evidence. Along the way, klinghoffer raised the issue of our fused chromosome, which, as i. Is irreducible complexity still a 1 conundrum for darwinism. Human chromosome 2 appears to be a fusion of chimpanzee chromosomes 12 and. Three explanations could account for this proposed chromosomal fusion. May 08, 2009 in light of this, the chromosome fusion is a bit bizare.
In the video at his youtube channel coming to peace with science, darrel at 5. The purportedly overwhelming dna evidence for a fusion event involving two primate chromosomes to form human chromosome 2 does not exist, even without the aid of new analyses. Now, there is no denying the fact that chimpanzees and humans are similar. The second most likely explanation is that all the other apes had their chromosome 2 break into 2 pieces at. It was my understanding that this trial was about whether or not dover had violated the first amendment by mentioning to students that some book in the library advocated intelligent design. In chromosome fusion events that occur in nature in living. Furthermore, the very basis for this information theory rests on gene sequences being highly specific this was a central tenet of dembskis. I have to say is that theres always a chance that chromosome 2 fusion did not happen though in my view theres a tremendous amount of evidence that it did. Sciencefusion physical science modules are secularbased science courses for 6th to 8th grade.
Robertsonian translocation rob is a chromosomal abnormality wherein a certain type of a chromosome becomes attached to another. Evidence for intelligent design from biochemistry from a. It cannot happen gradually two chromosomes are either fused or they are not and unless the exact same fusion happens to occur in a whole number of individuals of the population at the same time, it could not spread because of the infertility of the offspring. Data fusion engineering method project correlation, 1997 4. The evidence from chromosomal fusion, for one, is strikingly ambiguous. There is evidence that implies a fusion event may have occurred. This is thought to explain the difference in the 23 chromosomes humans have and the 24 chromosomes found in great apes. The science regarding chromosome 2 and the possible fusion event are discussed at length in the book science and human origins, and again here, and here. The chromosome 2 fusion model of human evolutionpart 1. The claim that human chromosome 2 must have gotten. One of the most common arguments evolutionists use to promote the theory that humans evolved from an apelike ancestor is the idea of a chromosome 2 fusion. Inferring that biochemical systems were designed by an intelligent agent is a humdrum process that requires no new principles of logic or science. Feb 14, 2016 yes, absolutely, two chromosomes, or fragments thereof can fuse. Casey luskin lies about ken miller on chromosome 2.
Great debate community rational conversation in an. Instead intelligent design allows the evidence to lead where it may. So does human chromosome 2 have the telltale dna evidence of a fusion event. Modern dna analysis of the human chromosome 2 fusion. In the final hours of 2016, i published a blog post discussing the fusion of human chromosome 2 and its implications for evolution versus creationism in the light of bayesian probabilities. By now i would hope everyone is familiar with the fusion resulting in human chromosome number 2, but for those who arent, or would like a quick refresher, here is a short video of dr. This chromosome is unique in that it looks like a hybrid or fusion of two chimpanzee chromosomes known now as chromosomes 2a and 2b. This type of initial evidence, along with some targeted dna sequencing of small genomic regions in human, seemed to indicate support for the fusion model.
Of foxp2, human chromosome 2 and allen macneil over on uncommon descent allen macneil is trying to demonstrate that humans and chimps shared a common ancestor. As we saw earlier, one of the central claims of intelligent design id is that intelligent causes are necessary to explain the complex, informationrich structures of biology. Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a headtohead fusion of two intermediatesized ancestral chromosomes. Intelligent design id is a scientific theory that employs the methods commonly used by other historical sciences to conclude that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. This story proposes that in a common ancestor shared by humans and chimps, two small chromosomes somehow fused end to end to produce human chromosome 2 figure 1. Denisovans, humans and the chromosome 2 fusion articles. It is the most common form of chromosomal translocation in humans, affecting 1 out of every 1,000 babies born. Note that human chromosome 2 is very similar to a fusion of two chimpanzee chromosomes. The 798 bp core sequence surrounding the fusion site on human chromosome 2 used for blastn searches against the most recent builds of the human and chimpanzee genomes.
Some recent hominids neanderthals and denisovans had the chr 2 fusion as well. Of chromosome 2 and puppet propaganda evolution news. It is noteworthy that centromeric satellite dna was originally suspected as playing a role in the break point and fusion mechanism for the hypothetical human chromosome fusion 2 event since a significant amount of the chimpanzee dna on chromosome 2b cannot be accounted for in the telomeretotelomere fusion model ijdo et al. An actual geneticist phd on chromosome 2 and why it fails for evolutions common descent. All great apes apart from man have 24 pairs of chromosomes. As stated above in the introduction, the general model proposed by evolutionary scientists is that the chromosome 2 fusion event was a headtohead telomeric fusion. It takes temperatures approaching 10 million degrees to have them travel fast enough to overcome the electrostatic repulsion 5. Every culture has oral stories that detail supposed origin events and some of these were eventually written and codified into a grand narrative of scriptures we associate with the major religions. These increasingly desperate efforts to debunk the chromosome 2 story have failed before, and theyve failed this time, too, miller concludes. Cortexm1 devices are offered in the same speed grades and packages as basic fusion devices.
Mar 10, 2017 look for intelligent design concepts in the overview page. This accounts for the difference in diploid numbers between humans and. The mutation rate of egfr gene was 35% 1440 and 50% 1020 in nonsmokers and 46. Publisher of pandas textbook offers the untold story of. Origine many of the great questions of life trace back to issues of origins. The nature 2 fusion system is a robust and convenient chlorine and mineral sanitizing system for inground pools that combines the benefits of nature 2 mineral technology with the convenience of an automatic chlorine tab feeder. More specifically, we have been chatting about why humans have 46 chromosomes and most of the great apes have 48. In the darwinian presentation, the fact that humans possess 23 chromosome pairs and great apes 24 clearly points to an event in which human chromosome 2 formed from a fusion. New evidence supports creation and refutes the chromosome 2 fusion site as evidence for evolution. Those of you who follow discussions surrounding evolution and intelligent design will doubtless have heard of the argument for humanchimp shared ancestry based on evidence for a fusion event with respect to chromosome 2. If the fusion occurs between coding regions, a fusion protein may be the expressed result. Support for common ancestry after all since this was published ive written a short addendum, found here. Chromosome 2 the smoking gun of evolution or intelligent design. Intelligent design advocates trot out the second law of thermodynamics and state that the fact that simple molecules cant selfreplicate without violating that law proves intelligent design.
In one of the great ironies of the modern world, the science that was expected to solve lifes mysteries has done just the opposite. Miller assumes common ancestry and the number of chromosomes is consistent with his belief. Human by design invites you on a journey beyond darwins theory of evolution, beginning with the fact that we exist as we do, even more empowered, and more connected with ourselves and the world, than scientists have believed possible. Oct 16, 20 it is noteworthy that centromeric satellite dna was originally suspected as playing a role in the break point and fusion mechanism for the hypothetical human chromosome fusion 2 event since a significant amount of the chimpanzee dna on chromosome 2b cannot be accounted for in the telomeretotelomere fusion model ijdo et al. A major argument supposedly supporting human evolution from a common ancestor with chimpanzees is the chromosome 2 fusion model in which ape chromosomes 2a and 2b purportedly fused endto. Four days of fusion chromosome freakout discover magazine. There is therefore a hypothesis that the common ancestor of all great apes had 24 pairs of chromosomes and that the fusion of two of the ancestors chromosomes created chromosome 2 in humans. This scenario involves the claim that the endtoend fusion of two small chimpanzeelike chromosomes now called 2a and 2b in chimpanzees formed one stable large chromosome in humans chromosome 2. I walked through the simple maths demonstrating that contrary to what might seem intuitive, the fusion does in fact lend evidentiary support in favour of evolution specifically common ancestry of humans. Mongolarachne chaoyangensis was a giant spider from the jurassic, or was it. See comparison of the human and great ape chromosomes as evidence for common ancestry. Chromosome 2 fusion, ddx11l2 gene, human evolution, human chimpanzee. An actual geneticist phd on chromosome 2 and why it fails. It turns out that chromosome 2, which is unique to the human lineage of evolution, emerged as a result of the headtohead fusion of two ancestral chromosomes that remain separate in other primates.
Getting back to the human by design, the author proposes that separates humans from other apes is the sudden fusion of two chimpanzee chromosomes. In the darwinian presentation, the fact that humans possess 23 chromosome pairs and great apes 24 clearly points to an event in which human chromosome 2 formed from a fusion, leaving in its wake the telltale sign of telomeric dna normally appearing as a protective cap at the end of the chromosome in the. In iron man, the heros protective suit is powered by fusion. The reader is highly encouraged to read the creationist discussions of hc 2 fusion, such as the article by bergman and tomkins chromosome 2 fusion 1 and. Fusion ipl provide largescale project installation, logistics and warehousing services to some the largest companies in the furniture manufacturing, construction and facilities management industries, including steelcase, living edge, brookfield multiplex, lend lease, unifor, zenith, teknion, csm, schiavello, cult and dedece. Does the chromosome 2 fusion evidence prove our shared. Watch a video about sciencefusion at the publishers website. Chromosome 2 fusion a response to a question on biology stack exchange about a year ago, there was a question on biology stack exchange about the doubt cast by the young earther jeffrey thomkins on the fusion in chromosome 2. Because the protons repel each other, getting two atoms close enough to fuse is hard. The similarities are striking and quite convincing that homo sapiens chromosome 2 is the counterpart of the chimpanzee chromosomes 2a and 2b. The more we learn about living organisms, the more they look like products of design rather than products of chance and natural law. The local run manager rna fusion analysis module aligns reads against a specified reference and detects gene fusions.
This argument is put forward quite famously by brown university biologist ken miller in this video. I fusion delivers and makes transition of integrated information and decision solutions to equipment systems ranging from individual electromechanical systems sensors to enterprise communications platforms to collaborative networks of vehicles with cognitive. Ed park, md 01202016 dr ed park, evolution, research leave a comment taxonomy tells us that unlike the other three genera of the family, h ominidae, our homo genus has only 46 chromosomes, not 48. I have been corresponding with someone about intelligent design id. So where is the design information for adh function. Pigeon point devices are only offered in 2 speed grade and fg484 and fg256 packages.